ABSTRACT Objective: To compare standard urotherapy with a combination of urotherapy and biofeedback sessions and to determine the changes that these therapies promote in children with dysfunctional voiding. Patients and Methods: The data of 45 patients who participated in the study from January 2010 to March 2013 were evaluated. All patients underwent urinary system ultrasonography to determine post-void residual urine volumes and urinary system anomalies. All patients were diagnosed using uroflowmetry - electromyography (EMG). The flow pattern, maximum flow rate, and urethral sphincter activity were evaluated in all patients using uroflowmetry - EMG. Each patient underwent standard urotherapy, and the results were recorded. Subsequently, biofeedback sessions were added for all patients, and the changes in the results were recorded and statistically compared. Results: A total of forty - five patients were included, of which 34 were female and 11 were male and the average age of the patients was 8.4 ± 2.44 years (range: 5 - 15 years). After the standard urotherapy plus biofeedback sessions, the post-void residual urine volumes, incontinence rates and infection rates of patients were significantly lower than those with the standard urotherapy (p < 0.05). A statistically significant improvement in voiding symptoms was observed after the addition of biofeedback sessions to the standard urotherapy compared with the standard urotherapy alone (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study showed that a combination of urotherapy and biofeedback was more effective in decreasing urinary incontinence rates, infection rates and post - void residual urine volumes in children with dysfunctional voiding than standard urotherapy alone, and it also showed that this combination therapy corrected voiding patterns significantly and objectively.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Apoptosis effect of oral alpha-blockers is known in the prostate. Apoptosis index of silodosin has not been proved, yet. Aims are to present apoptosis index of silodosin in prostate and to compare this with other currently used alpha-blocker's apoptosis indexes together with their clinical effects. Materials and Methods: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients were enrolled among those admitted to urology outpatient clinic between June 2014 and June 2015. Study groups were created according to randomly prescribed oral alpha-blocker drugs as silodosin 8mg (Group 1; n=24), tamsulosin 0.4mg (Group 2; n=30), alfuzosin 10mg (Group 3; n=25), doxazosin 8mg (Group 4; n=22), terazosin 5mg (Group 5; n=15). Pa- tients who refused to use any alpha-blocker drug were included into Group 6 as control group (n=16). We investigated apoptosis indexes of the drugs in prostatic tissues that were taken from patient's surgery (transurethral resection of prostate) and/or prostate biopsies. Immunochemical dyeing, light microscope, and Image Processing and Analy- sis in Java were used for evaluations. Statistical significant p was p<0.05. Results: There were 132 patients with mean follow-up of 4.2±2.1 months. Pathologist researched randomly selected 10 areas in each microscope set. Group 1 showed statisti- cal significant difference apoptosis index in immunochemical TUNEL dyeing and im- age software (p<0.001). Moreover, we determined superior significant development in parameters as uroflowmetry, quality of life scores, and international prostate symptom score in Group 1. Conclusions: Silodosin has higher apoptosis effect than other alpha-blockers in prostate. Thus, clinic improvement with silodosin was proved by histologic studies. Besides, static factor of BPH may be overcome with creating apoptosis.

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the impact of neck circumference (NC) in the treatment of bening prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with metabolic syndrome (MtS). Additionally, we determined dose response to alpha-blockers and cut-off values for NC and waist circumference (WC), in these patients. Materials and Methods Non-randomized, open-labelled, and multi-centre study was conducted between March 2014 and September 2015. The BPH patients were enrolled and were divided into 2 groups: with MtS (Group 1; n=94) and without MtS (Group 2; n=103). Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, blood analyses, uroflowmetric parameters, post voiding residual urine (PVR), prostate volume, quality of life (QoL) index, NC and WC were recorded. Both groups were administered oral alpha-blockers and response to treatment was evaluated. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained and significant p was p<0.05 . Results In total, 197 patients were enrolled with mean age of 60.5±8.1 years. Mean NC and WC were higher in MtS patients (p<0.001). Uroflowmetry parameters and QoL indexes were comparable between groups before treatment. International prostate symptom score, uroflowmetry parameters, and QoL significant improved in Group 2 than Group 1, at 1 st and 6 th months of treatment with alpha-blockers. Success rate of treatment was significant higher in Group 2 than Group 1 (p<0.001). Cut-off values were 42.5cm and 113.5cm for NC and WC respectively, for response to alpha-blockers in BPH patients with MtS. Conclusions MtS can be related with BPH and can negatively affect the response to alpha-blocker treatment. NC can be used for predicting response to alpha-blocker treatment in BPH patients with MtS.

Justificativa e objetivos:A adição de novos medicamentos adjuvantes, como os gabapentinoides, ao regime analgésico multimodal pode ser razoável para diminuir os escores de dor no pós-operatório, o consumo total de opiáceos e os efeitos colaterais após nefrolitotomia percutânea. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar durante o período pós-operatório o efeito de pregabalina nos escores de dor, consumo de analgésicos e funções renais expressas por clearance de creatinina (ClCr) e níveis séricos de cistatina-C (Cis-C) e lipocalina associada à gelatinase de neutrófilos (LAGN) em pacientes submetidos à nefrolitotomia percutânea (NLPC).Métodos:Sessenta pacientes submetidos à NLPC eletiva foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram randomizados para receber pregabalina oral em dose única de 75 mg – grupo pregabalina e grupo controle. Os escores de dor medidos pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), o consumo de morfina intravenosa nas primeiras 24 horas de pós-operatório, LAGN sérico, níveis de Cis-C e clearance de creatinina (ClCr) foram mensurados no pré-operátorio e na segunda e 24a horas de pós-operatório.Resultados:Os escores EVA no pós-operatório foram significativamente menores no grupo pregabalina nos tempos de 30 min, 1 e 2 horas (p = 0,002, p = 0,001 e p = 0,027, respectivamente). A média do consumo de morfina no pós-operatório foi estatisticamente significante menor em todos os intervalos de tempo no grupo pregabalina (p = 0,002, p = 0,001, p = 0,001, p = 0,001, p < 0,001, respectivamente). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos em relação ao ClCr ou Cis-C no pré-operatório e na segunda e 24a horas de pós-operatório. Os níveis de LAGN na 24a hora de pós-operatório foram significativamente menores no grupo pregabalina (p = 0,027).Conclusões:A dose única de 75 mg de pregabalina oral administrada precocemente foi eficaz na redução dos escores de dor no pós-operatório imediato e o consumo total de analgésicos em pacientes submetidos à NLPC, sem causar instabilidade hemodinâmica e efeitos colaterais.

Background and objectives:Adding novel adjunctive drugs like gabapentinoids to multimodal analgesic regimen might be reasonable for lessening postoperative pain scores, total opioid consumption and side effects after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pregabalin on postoperative pain scores, analgesic consumption and renal functions expressed by creatinine clearance (CrCl) and blood neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C (Cys C) levels in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods:60 patients undergoing elective PCNL were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized to oral single dose 75 mg pregabalin group and a control group. Visual Analog Scale pain scores (VAS), postoperative intravenous morphine consumption during the first 24 postoperative hours, serum NGAL, Cys C levels and creatinine clearance (CrCl) was measured preoperatively and post-operatively at 2nd and 24th hour.Results:Postoperative VAS scores were significantly decreased in the pregabalin group at the postoperative 30th min, 1st, and 2nd hour (p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively). Postoperative mean morphine consumption was statistically significantly decreased for all time intervals in the pregabalin group (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to CrCl, or Cys C at preoperative and postoperative 2nd and 24th hour. Postoperative 24th hour NGAL levels were significantly decreased in the pregabalin group (p = 0.027).Conclusions:Oral single-dose preemptive 75 mg pregabalin was effective in reducing early postoperative pain scores and total analgesic consumption in patients undergoing PCNL without leading to hemodynamic instability and side effects.

Justificación y objetivos:La adición de nuevos medicamentos adyuvantes, como los gabapentinoides, al régimen analgésico multimodal puede ser interesante para poder disminuir las puntuaciones de dolor en el postoperatorio, el consumo total de opiáceos y los efectos colaterales después de la nefrolitotomía percutánea. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar, durante el período postoperatorio, el efecto de la pregabalina en las puntuaciones de dolor, consumo de analgésicos y funciones renales expresadas por aclaramiento de creatinina y niveles séricos de cistatina-C y lipocalina asociada con la gelatinasa de neutrófilos en pacientes sometidos a la nefrolitotomía percutánea.Métodos:Sesenta pacientes sometidos a nefrolitotomía percutánea electiva fueron incluidos en el estudio. Los pacientes fueron aleatorizados para recibir pregabalina oral en dosis única de 75 mg (grupo pregabalina) y grupo control. Las puntuaciones de dolor medidas por la escala visual analógica, el consumo de morfina intravenosa en las primeras 24 h de postoperatorio, nivel sérico de lipocalina asociada a la gelatinasa de neutrófilos, niveles de cistatina-C y aclaramiento de creatinina fueron medidos en el preoperatorio y en la 2.a y 24.a horas del postoperatorio.Resultados:Las puntuaciones de la escala visual analógica en el postoperatorio fueron significativamente menores en el grupo pregabalina a los 30 min, 1 y 2 h (p = 0,002; p = 0,001; y p = 0,027 respectivamente). El promedio del consumo de morfina en el postoperatorio fue estadísticamente significativo y menor en todos los intervalos de tiempo en el grupo pregabalina (p = 0,002; p = 0,001; p = 0,001; p = 0,001; p < 0,001 respectivamente). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los 2 grupos con relación al aclaramiento de creatinina o cistatina-C en el preoperatorio y en la 2.a y 24.a horas del postoperatorio. Los niveles de lipocalina asociada a la gelatinasa de neutrófilos en la 24.ahora del postoperatorio fueron significativamente menores en el grupo pregabalina (p = 0,027).Conclusiones:La dosis única de 75 mg de pregabalina oral administrada precozmente fue eficaz en la reducción de las puntuaciones de dolor en el postoperatorio inmediato y el consumo total de analgésicos en pacientes sometidos a nefrolitotomía percutánea, sin causar inestabilidad hemodinámica y efectos colaterales.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the acute effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor on erectile dysfunction by evaluating serum oxidative status and prolidase activity. METHODS: Serum samples of 36 patients with erectile dysfunction and 30 control cases were analyzed for total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and prolidase activity, before and after the administration of tadalafil citrate. RESULTS: Before and after tadalafil citrate administration, serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and prolidase were 1.1+0.0 vs. 1.6 + 0.0 umol H2O2 Eq/L, 10.3+1.1 vs. 6.9 + 1.2 umol H2O2 Eq/L, and 236.4+19.5 vs. 228.2 + 19.2 U/L, respectively (p<0.0001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of serum oxidative status and prolidase activity confirmed the beneficial acute effects of PDE5 inhibitor in patients with erectile dysfunction.